MARKET OUTLOOK FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR ELECTRONICS: SEMICONDUCTORS, SOLAR, DISPLAYS, SENSORS, RFID, LIGHTING

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1

Chapter 2 Nanomaterial Properties and Fabrication 2-1

2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 Materials Used In Nanotechnology 2-4
2.2.1 Fullerenes 2-4
2.2.1.1 Buckyballs – Buckminsterfullerene 2-7
2.2.1.2 Buckytubes – Nanotubes 2-8
2.2.1.3 Fabrication Of Nanotubes 2-10
2.2.2 Nanoparticles 2-15
2.2.2.1 Introduction 2-15
2.2.2.2 Fabrication Of Nanoparticles 2-20

Chapter 3 Developments In Nanomaterial-Based Solar Cells 3-1

3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Nanomaterials As Solar Conversion 3-3
3.2.1 Inorganic Nanocrystals 3-11
3.2.1.1 Silicon Nanoparticles 3-11
3.2.1.2 Nobel Metals 3-12
3.2.1.3 Multimetal-Dielectric Nanocomposites 3-14
3.2.2 CdSe And CdTe Nanorods 3-17
3.2.3 Quantum Dots 3-19
3.2.4 Nanocomposite – Quantum Dot Combination 3-22
3.2.5 Quantum Wells 3-23
3.2.6 Organic Polymers – Fullerenes 3-25
3.2.7 Ionic Organic Polymers 3-27
3.2.8 CIGS 3-27
3.2.9 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 3-33
3.3 Nanomaterials As Modified Electrodes 3-40
3.3.1 Nanowires 3-40
3.3.1.1 ZnO Nanowires 3-40
3.3.1.2 InP Nanowires 3-40
3.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes 3-41
3.3.2.1 Defected Carbon Nanotubes 3-47
3.3.2.2 Silicon Nanotubes 3-50
3.3.2.3 Titania Nanotubes 3-51
3.4 Theoretical Work 3-52

Chapter 4 Nanomaterials for Displays 4-1

4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 LCDs 4-1
4.3 Electrophoretic/Electrochromic Displays 4-11
4.3.1 Electrophoretic Displays 4-11
4.3.2 Electrochromic Displays 4-13
4.4 OLEDs 4-10
4.5 Backplanes 4-26

Chapter 5 Nanomaterials for Sensors 5-1

5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 NanoChemical Sensors 5-3
5.3 NanoBio/NanoMed Sensors 5-5
5.5 Military and Homeland Defense Applications 5-10
5.5 Quantum Dot Sensors 5-13
5.6 Others 5-14

Chapter 6 Nanomaterials for Lighting 6-1

6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.2 High-efficiency Organic LEDs (OLEDs) 6-2
6.3 Electroluminescent Devices 6-6

Chapter 7 Nanomaterials for RFIDs 7-1

7.1 Introduction 7-1
7.2 RFID Devices 7-1
7.3 Current Uses 7-3
7.4 Uses For Potential Strong Growth 7-4

Chapter 8 Nanomaterials for Semiconductors 8-1

8.1 Nanotubes For Integrated Circuits 8-1
8.2 Slurries 8-4
8.3 Lithography 8-6
8.3.1 Photoresist 8-6
8.3.2 DUV Immersion Liquid 8-9

Chapter 9 Nanomaterial Deposition Trends 9-1

9.1 Vapor Phase 9-1
9.2 Electrodeposition 9-3
9.3 Spray Pyrolysis 9-5
9.4 Laser Pyrolysis 9-5
9.5 Screen Printing 9-6
9.6 Small Nanoparticle Deposition 9-9
9.7 Slurry Spraying And Meniscus Coating Of Precursors 9-10
9.8 Ink-Jet 9-14
9.9 Dip Pen Nanolithography 9-15

Chapter 10 Analysis and Forecast of Nanomaterials for Electronics 10-1

10.1 Driving Forces 10-1
10.2 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for All Applications 10-14
10.3 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Electronics by Material 10-19
10.3.1 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Nanocomposites 10-22
10.3.2 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Nanoparticles 10-24
10.3.3 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Nanowires 10-26
10.3.4 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Fullerenes 10-28
10.3.5 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Slurries 10-29
10.3.6 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Precursors 10-30
10.3.7 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Catalysts 10-31
10.3.8 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Coatings 10-33
10.3.9 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Designer Materials 10-34
10.3.10 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Engineered Substrates 10-35
10.4 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Electronics by Application 10-37
10.4.1 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Lighting 10-39
10.4.2 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Displays 10-40
10.4.3 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for RFID 10-41
10.4.4 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Sensors 10-43
10.4 5 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Solar Cells 10-46
10.4.6 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Semiconductors 10-53

List of Figures

2.1 Surface Area Comparison Of Nanomaterials 2-3
2.2 Typical Structures Of Fullerene 2-5
2.3 Arc-Electric Discharge Fabrication Method 2-12
2.4 CVD Fabrication Method 2-14
2.5 Solutions Of Monodisperse CCSE Nanocrystals 2-19
2.6 Nanoparticles By Sol Gel Technique 2-24
2.7 Nanoparticles By Physical Vapor Synthesis 2-25
3.1 Amorphous Silicon Solar Film Diagram 3-5
3.2 CIGS Solar Film Roll-To-Roll Diagram 3-6
3.3 CdTe Solar Film Diagram 3-8
3.4 Conversion Of Light Via Plasmons 3-13
3.5 Solar Emission From Nanoparticles 3-16
3.6 Energy Levels Of CdSe Quantum Dots 3-21
3.7 Schematic Diagram Of Quantum Well Solar Cell 3-24
3.8 CIGS Module Cross Section 3-29
3.9 How Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Work 3-34
3.10 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Components 3-39
3.11 Electron Transport Across Nanostructured Semiconductor Films 3-43
3.12 Electron Transport In Nanoparticle Solar Cell 3-45
3.13 Carbon Nanotubes In Organic Solar Cells 3-48
4.1 Nanoink's Dip Pen Nanolithography Technology 4-5
4.2 Inkjet Printing Of A Plastic Transistor 4-17
4.3 Vials Of Fluorescent CdSe QDS Dispersed In Hexane 4-21
4.4 A QD-LED Device 4-23
5.1 Carbon Nanotube Biosensor 5-8
5.2 Sensors In Defense Applications 5-12
7.1 EPC RFID Tag 7-5
9.1 Vapor Phase Deposition Of Nanomaterials 9-2
9.2 Electrodeposition Of Nanomaterials 9-4
9.3 Spray Pyrolysis Deposition Of Nanomaterials 9-7
9.4 Screen Printing Of Nanomaterials 9-8
10.1 Worldwide Solar Cell Production 10-51
10.2 Nanomaterial Share By Technology – 2010 And 2015 10-54

List of Tables

4.1 Proven Inks/Substrates 4-6
10.1 A Selection Of Current And Future Applications Using Nanoparticles 10-11
10.2 NNI Budget 10-17
10.3 NNI Budget History 10-18
10.4 Nanoelectronic Applications By Industry 10-20
10.5- Worldwide Nanomaterial Markets For Electronics By Material. 10-21
10.6 Worldwide Nanomaterial Markets For Electronics By Application 10-38
10.7 Worldwide Thin Film Solar Cell Forecast 10-50